What is World Down Syndrome Day?
World Down Syndrome Day is celebrated on March 21st every year. This day aims to raise awareness about Down syndrome and to educate and promote community understanding of the abilities of people with Down syndrome.
What are the causes of Down syndrome?
The most common reason is the presence of an extra complete copy of chromosome 21 in all cells of the body, which makes a person have three copies of chromosome 21 instead of two. This occurs due to a defect in cell division during the formation of the egg or sperm.
In some cases (mosaicism), the defect occurs in cell division after fertilization, resulting in two types of cells: some contain three copies of chromosome 21, and others contain the normal number (only two copies). This means that the extra genetic material is present in only a part of the body's cells.
In other cases (chromosomal translocation), there is not a complete extra copy of chromosome 21, but rather a part of chromosome 21 attaches to another chromosome. In this case, the total number of chromosomes remains normal (46 chromosomes), but the presence of the extra genetic material from chromosome 21 leads to the appearance of Down syndrome symptoms.
What are the factors that cause it?
Doctors can estimate the risk of Down syndrome based on factors such as maternal age and family history. Genetic testing before or during pregnancy (such as chromosome analysis or blood tests) can help determine the likelihood of having Down syndrome.
Skills for interacting with people with Down syndrome
Providing support and effective communication with them.
Patience; they may need more time to understand and carry out the tasks.
Encouraging social participation, making friends, and engaging in social activities.
Enhancing education in a way that suits their abilities.
Social support and integration into society.
How is Down syndrome diagnosed?
During pregnancy: maternal blood tests, ultrasound, and genetic tests such as amniocentesis, a medical procedure used during pregnancy to diagnose certain genetic or chromosomal conditions.
After birth: Observing physical characteristics, and confirming the diagnosis by analyzing chromosomes (karyotype).
Why World Down Syndrome Day?
To raise awareness about this genetic condition and promote a proper understanding of it, and to disseminate knowledge about its causes, effects, and how to support those affected. This day also aims to empower people with Down syndrome, promote their inclusion in society, and highlight the importance of providing a more inclusive and accepting environment for them.